Bibliography of Medical Articles AboutBrain and Other Central Nervous System MetastasesÂ
This section offers citations and links to recent medical literature on brain and other CNS metastases, grouped into sections by the following topics:Â
We have indicated which of these citations will link to free full text, but many link only to abstracts, which summarize findings but often do not provide important details. Â Other ways to get full text include 1) publicly accessible medical libraries; 2) staff at universities or teaching hospitals with subscriptions to the medical/scientific literature; or 3) sending an email request for a reprint to the corresponding author you will often find listed in the abstract. Â
NOTE: Reading medical and scientific articles can be difficult for the layperson. Here are some other important things to keep in mind. Click here for definitions of some confusing terms.
- Some of the articles group CNS metastases from different cancers together, making the findings difficult to interpret for breast cancer.
- Some of the articles are dated. Some progress has been made that makes the mortality and toxicity look worse than they are in the present. Even a current study can be looking at patient outcomes from years earlier.
- Median survival means that half of those being studied live longer than the median and half live less than the median. For example, a median survival of one year means that half will live more than a year, some much longer. Â
- Many of the studies listed here are retrospective (data gathered from the past). If a study compares how women did with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole-brain radiation, it is important to take into account that the women who received only SRS probably had a better prognosis from the outset. This biases the findings. Some treatment questions can only really be resolved with randomized clinical trials which are ongoing.
Review Articles [TOP]
T. Nguyen and L. Abrey. Brain Metastases: Old Problem, New Strategies Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, April 2007; (21): 369-388
M. Sharma and J. Abraham CNS Metastasis in Primary Breast Cancer  Expert Review Anticancer Therapy Nov 7 2007; 7 (11): 1561-2566
M.B.Hemphill, J.A. Lawrence, Current Therapeutic Options for Breast Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases. Current Treatment Options in Oncology (2008) 9:41–50
E. Kaal and C. Vecht CNS Complications of Breast Cancer Current and Emerging Treatment Options CNS Drugs, 2007; 21(70): 559-579.
A. Eichler and J. Loeffler Multidisciplinary Management of Brain Metastases The Oncologist, July 2007; 12 (7): 884-898 (free full text).
D. Kirsch and J. Loeffler Brain Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer: New Horizons Clinical Breast Cancer, 2005; 6 (2): 115-124.
T. Nguyen and L. DeAngelis Treatment of Brain Metastases Supportive Oncology, September/October 2004; 2(5) (free full text).
N. Lin, J. Bellon, and E. Winer CNS Metastases in Breast Cancer Journal of Clinical Oncology, September 1, 2004; 22 (17): 3608-3617.
M. Schaffrey, M. Mut  et al Brain Metastases Current Problems in Surgery, August 2004; 41: 665-741.Â
E. Chang and S. Lo Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Metastases from Breast Cancer The Oncologist, October 2003; 8(5): 398-410 (free full text).
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer [TOP]
H. Stemmler, K Mengele, V. Heinemann Intrathecal Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Methotrexate for Meningeal Carcinomatosis in HER2-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report  Anti Cancer Drugs, 2008; 19:832-836
B. Nam, S. Kim, J. Ro et al Breast Cancer Subtypes and Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases  Breast Cancer Research, Feb. 28, 2008
A. Eichler, I. Kuter, J. Henson et al Survival in Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer: The Importance of HER-2 Status Cancer  March 2008
M. Melisko, D. Moore, H. Rugo et al Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer: Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics Associated with Improvements in Survival  Journal of Neurooncology. 2008; 88:359-365
I. Park, J. Ro, B. Nam et al Trastuzumab Treatment Beyond Brain Progression in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer  Annals of Oncology. July 2008 (Epub ahead of print)Â
S. Fromm, R. Bartsch, K. Dieckmann et al Factors Influencing the Time to Development of Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer  The Breast, 2008; 1-5
R. Bartsch, A. Rottenfusser, G. Steger et al Trastuzumab Prolongs Overall Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases from Her2 Positive Breast Cancer  Journal of Neurooncology, 2007; 85:311-317
Y. Than, K. Sexton, R. Elledge et al Primary Breast Cancer Phenotypes Associated with Propensity for Central Nervous System Metastases  Cancer, July 2006
D. Hicks, S. Short, R. Weill et al Breast Cancers with Brain Metastases are More Likely to be Estrogen Receptor Negative, Express the Basal Cytokeratin CK5/6, and Overexpress Her2 or EGFR  American Journal of Surgery and Pathology, Sept. 26, 2006; 30:9Â
S. Gori, S. Rimondini, V. De Angelis et al Central Nervous System Metastases in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Trastuzumab: Incidence, Survival, and Risk Factors The Oncologist, July 2007; 12 (7): 766-773 (free full text).
N. Lin and E. Winer Brain Metastases: The HER2 Paradigm Clinical Cancer Research, March 15, 2007; 13 (6).
Z. Gambos, R. Sinha, J. Hanson et al Prognostic Significance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Positivity for the Development of Brain Metastasis after Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Journal of Clinical Oncology, December 20, 2006; 24 (36): 5658-5663.
D. Kirsch and J. Loeffler Survival after Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer in the Trastuzumab (Herceptin) Era Journal of Clinical Oncology, March 20, 2005; 23 (9): 2114-2116 (free full text).
H. Burstein, G. Lieberman, D. Slamon et al Isolated Central Nervous System Metastases Treated with HER2-Overexpressing Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with First-line Trastuzumab (Herceptin)-Based Therapy Annals of Oncology, September 8, 2005; 16: 1772-1777Â (free full text).
A. Clayton, S. Danson, S. Jolly et al Incidence of Cerebral Metastases in Patients Treated with Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for Metastatic Breast Cancer British Journal of Cancer, July 20, 2004; 91: 649-643.
N. U. Lin, V. Dieras, D. Paul, D. Lossignol, C. Christodoulou, D. Laessig, H. Roché, D. Zembryki, C. R. Oliva, E. P. Winer, EGF105084 Study Group. EGF105084, a phase II study of lapatinib for brain metastases in patients (pts) with HER2+ breast cancer following trastuzumab (H) based systemic therapy and cranial radiotherapy (RT). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 25, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2007: 1012 (Slide presentation online).
N. U. Lin, L. A. Carey, M. C. Liu, J. Younger, S. E. Come, E. Bullitt, A. D. Van Den Abbeele, X. Li, F. H. Hochberg, E. P. Winer. Phase II trial of lapatinib for brain metastases in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2006 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 24, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2006: 503. (Slide presentation online).
C.E. Geyer, J. Forster, D. Lindquist, et al. Lapatinib plus Capecitabine for HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, December 28, 2006, number 26, 355:2733-2743 (full text with free registration).
B. Nam, S. Kim, J. Ro et al Breast Cancer Subtypes and Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases  Breast Cancer Research, Feb. 28, 2008
M. Melisko, D. Moore, H. Rugo et al Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer: Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics Associated with Improvements in Survival  Journal of Neurooncology. 2008; 88:359-365
S. Fromm, R. Bartsch, K. Dieckmann et al Factors Influencing the Time to Development of Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer  The Breast, 2008; 1-5
Y. Than, K. Sexton, R. Elledge et al Primary Breast Cancer Phenotypes Associated with Propensity for Central Nervous System Metastases  Cancer, July 2006
D. Hicks, S. Short, R. Weill et al Breast Cancers with Brain Metastases are More Likely to be Estrogen Receptor Negative, Express the Basal Cytokeratin CK5/6, and Overexpress Her2 or EGFR  American Journal of Surgery and Pathology, Sept. 26, 2006; 30:9Â
 Conventional Surgery, Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Whole Brain Radiation [TOP]Â
S. Yoshida, H. Takahashi, Cerebellar metastases in patients with cancer Surgical Neurology. 2008 Feb 22
A. Pompili, C. Carapella, A. Pace et al. Metastases to the Cerebellum, Results and Prognostic Factors in a Consecutive Series of 44 Operated Patients  Journal of Neurooncology, 2008;(88):331-337
C. Nieder, K. Marienhagen, J.Norum, et al Prediction of Very Short Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases from  Breast Cancer Clinical Oncology, 2008; (20): 337-339
M. Hemphill and J. Lawrence. Current Therapeutic Options for Breast Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases Current Treatment, Options in Oncology, 2008; (9): 41-50
N. Kased, K. Huang, P. Sneed, et al Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brainstem Metastases: the UCSF Experience  Journal of Neurooncology,2008; 886:195-205
C. Nieder, S.T. Astner, A. Grosu, N. H. Andratschke, M.Molls.The Role of Postoperative Radiotherapy after Resection of a Single Brain Metastasis: Combined Analysis of 643 Patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2007;183:576–80
D. Rades, A. Pluemer, T. Veninga et al A Boost in Addition to Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Improves Patient Outcome after Resection of 1 or 2 Brain metastases in Recursive Partitioning Analysis Class 1 and 2 Patients Cancer, October 1, 2007; 110 (7): 1551-1559.
M. Ranasinghe and J. Sheehan Surgical Management and Brain Metastases Neurosurgery Focus, March 2007;Â 22 (3): 1-7.
E. Chang, J. Wefel, M. Maor et al A Pilot Study of Neurocognitive Function in Patients with One to Three New Brain Metastases Initially Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone Neurosurgery, February 2007; 60 (2): 277-284.
C.P. Yen, J. Sheehan, G. Patterson and L. Steiner Gamma Knife surgery for metastatic brainstem tumors Journal of Neurosurgery 105:213–219, 2006
H. Stemmler, M. Schmitt, N. Harbeck et al Application of Intrathecal Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for Treatment of Meningeal Carcinomatosis in Her-2 Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer  Oncology Reports, 2006; 15: 1373-77Â
A. Ghia, W. Tome, M. Mehta et al Distribution of Brain Metastases in Relation to the Hippocampus: Implications for Neurocognitive Functional Preservation, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2007; 64 (40): 971-977Â
E. Sadikov, A. Bezjak, N. Laperriere et al Value of Whole Brain Re-irradiation for Brain Metastases-Single Centre Experience  Clinical Oncology, 2007; (19): 532-538Â
T. Nguyen and L. Abrey. Brain Metastases: Old Problem, New Strategies Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, April 2007; (21): 369-388Â
M. Smith and J. Lee. Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Brain Metastasis, Neurosurgery Focus, 2007; 22 (3): E5
C. Nieder, S. Astner. and M. Molls. The Role of Postoperative Radiotherapy After Resection of a Single Brain Metastasis  .Strahlenther und Onkologie, 2007; 576-580 (English)
H. Aoyama, H. Shirato, M. Tago et al Stereotactic Radiosurgery Plus Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy vs Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone for Treatment of Brain Metastases The Journal of the American Medical Association, June 7, 2006; 295 (21): 2483-2491.
J. Raizer Editorial: Radiosurgery and Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases-Either or Both as the Optimal Treatment The Journal of the American Medical Association, June 7, 2006; 295 (21).
L. R Kleinberg, J. Wefel, W. Regine Should Whole Brain Radiation Therapy Follow Focal Therapy of a Single and Multiple Brain Metastasis?  2006 ASCO Education Session (4 presentations, with audio and slides).
R. Bartsch, S. Fromm, M. Rudas et al Intensified local treatment and Systemic Therapy Significantly Increase Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases from Advanced Breast Cancer-A Retrospecitive Analysis Radiotherapy and Oncology; 2006; 80: 313-317.
D. Andrews, C Scott, P. Sperduto et al Whole Brain Radiation Therapy With or Without Stereotatic Radiosurgery Boost for Patients with One to Three Brain Metastases: Phase III Results of the RTOG 9508 Randomised Trial The Lancet, May 22, 2004; 363: 1665.
D. Rades, A. Rabbe, A. Barjrovic et al Treatment of Solitary Brain Metastasis Resection Followed by Whole Brain Radiation Therapy (WBRT) and a Radiation Boost to the Metastatic Site Strahlenther Onkol, 2004; 180: 144-147.
P. Sperduto A Review of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Brain Metastases Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment, April 2003; 2(3): 105-109.
K. Firlik, D. Kondziolka, J. Flickinger et al Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer Annals of Surgery Oncology, 2000; 7 (5): 333-338 Â (free full text).
J. Rock, S. Haines, L. Recht et al Practice Parameters for the Management of Single Brain Metastasis Neurosurgery Focus, December 2000; 9 (6): 1-9 (free full text).
R. Patchell, P. Tibbs, J. Walsh et al A Randomized Trial of Surgery in the Treatment of Single Metastases to the Brain The New England Journal of Medicine, February 22, 1999; 322 (8): 494-500.
R. Crossen, D. Garwood, E. Neuwelt Neurobehavioral Sequelae of Cranial Irradiation in Adults: A Review of Radiation-Induced Encephalopathy Journal of Clinical Oncology, March 1994; 12 (3): 627-622.
Choroidal (Eye) Metastases  [TOP]
. Fenton Decreased Prevalence of Asymptomatic Choroidal Metastases in Disseminated Breast and Lung Cancer: Argument Against Screening British Journal of Ophthmalmology, May 2007; 91 (5): 567Â
S. Wickramasinghe, K. Dansigani, P. Tranos et al Ocular Presentations of Breast Cancer Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica , 2007; 85: 133-142.
E. Chang and S. Lo Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Metastases from Breast Cancer The Oncologist, October 2003; 8 (5): 398-410 (free full text).
Spinal Metastases [TOP]
E. Kaal and C. Vecht CNS Complications of Breast Cancer Current and Emerging Treatment Options CNS Drugs, 2007; 21 (7): 572-573.
P. Gertzen Radiosurgery for Spinal Metastases: Clinical Experience in 500 Cases from a Single Institution Spine, 2007; 32: 193-199.
D. Rades and S. Schild Is Stereotactic Radiosurgery the Best Treatment Option for Patients with Spinal Metastases Cancer World, 48-49.
P. Klimo and M. Schmidt Surgical Management of Spinal Metastases The Oncologist, April 2004; 9 (2): 188-196 (free full text).
A.Villegas and T. Guthrie Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Consideration Breast Journal, November-December; 10 (6): 533-535.
Early Detection of Brain Metastases [TOP]
D. Kirsch and J. Loeffler Brain Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer: New Horizons Clinical Breast Cancer, 2005; 6 (2): 115-124.
K. Miller, T. Weathers, L. Haney et al Occult Central Nervous System Involvement in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Prevalence, Predictive Factors and Impact on Overall Survival Annals of Oncology, 14:1072-1077, 2003 (free full text).
Chemotherapy, Targeted and Hormonal Therapies for Brain Metastases [TOP]
 N. Lin, L. Carey, E. Winer et al Phase 11 Trial of Lapatinib for Brain Metastases in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer Journal of Clinical Oncology, April 20, 2008; 26 (12): 1993-1999Â
S. Goyal, T. Puri , K. Rath et al Excellent Response fo Letrozole in Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer  Acta Neurochirurgica, 2008; (150): 613-615
B. Moy and P. Goss. Lapatinib-Associated Toxicity and Practical Management Recommendations  The Oncologist, 2007; (12): 756-765. (Free full text)
M Ekenel, A. Hormigo, L Abrey et al Capecitabine Therapy of Central Nervous System Metastases from Breast Cancer  Journal of Neurooncology, 2007; (85) 223-227
G. Shah and L. Abrey Chemotherapy for Brain Metastases: Breast, Gynecologic and Non-Melaoma Skin Malignancies  Cancer Treatment and Research, 2007; 136:185-197
J. Drappatz and P. Wen Chemotherapy and Targeted Molecular Therapies for Brain Metastases Expert Review Neurotherapeutics , 2006; 6 (10): 1465-1479.
A. Fabi, A. Vidiri, G. Ferretti et al Dramatic Regression of Multiple Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer with Capecitabine (Xeloda): Another Arrow in the Bow Cancer Investigations (Letter to the Editor), 2006; 24: 466-468.
A.Lassman, L. Abrey, G. Shah et al Systemic High-Dose Intravenous Methotrexate for Central Nervous System Metastases Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 2006; 78: 255-260.
R. Madhup, S. Kirti, M. Bhatt et al Letrozole (Femara) for Brain and Scalp Metastases from Breast Cancer- a Case Report The Breast, 2006; 15: 440-442.
M. Fenner and K. Possinger Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Onkologie, 2002; 25: 474-479.
N. U. Lin, V. Dieras, D. Paul, D. Lossignol, C. Christodoulou, D. Laessig, H. Roché, D. Zembryki, C. R. Oliva, E. P. Winer, EGF105084 Study Group. EGF105084, a phase II study of lapatinib for brain metastases in patients (pts) with HER2+ breast cancer following trastuzumab (H) based systemic therapy and cranial radiotherapy (RT). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 25, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2007: 1012 (Slide presentation online).
N. U. Lin, L. A. Carey, M. C. Liu, J. Younger, S. E. Come, E. Bullitt, A. D. Van Den Abbeele, X. Li, F. H. Hochberg, E. P. Winer. Phase II trial of lapatinib for brain metastases in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2006 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 24, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2006: 503. (Slide presentation online).
Charles E. Geyer, M.D., John Forster, M.Sc., Deborah Lindquist, et al. Lapatinib plus Capecitabine for HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, December 28, 2006, number 26, 355:2733-2743 (full text with free registration).
Leptomeningeal Metastases [TOP]
H. Stemmler, K Mengele, V. Heinemann Intrathecal Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Methotrexate for Meningeal Carcinomatosis in HER2-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report  Anti Cancer Drugs, 2008; 19:832-836
Drappatz and Batchelor Leptomeningeal Neoplasms Current Treatment Options Neurology, July 2007; 9(4):283-293Â
E. Kaal and C. Vecht CNS Complications of Breast Cancer Current and Emerging Treatment Options CNS Drugs, 2007; 21: 559-579 (570-571).
L. Rogers, M. Chamberlain, and M. Glantz Evidenced-Based Review of Intrathecal Chemotherapy in Outcomes of Patients with Leptomeningeal Metastasis Journal of Clinical Oncology ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 Abstract 1529 June 20, 2006 (supplement); 24: 18S (also see poster discussion at Central Nervous Systems Tumors).
H. Stemmler, M. Schmitt, N. Harbeck et al Application of Intrathecal Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for Treatment of Meningeal Carcinomatosis in HER2-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer Oncology Reports, 2006; 15: 1373-1377.
S. Tailibert, Laigle-Donadey, F. Chodkiewicz et al Leptomeningeal Metastases form Solid Malignancy: a Review Neurosurgery, March 2005; 75: 85-99.
N. Lin, J. Bellon and E. Winer CNS Metastases in Breast Cancer Journal of Clinical Oncology, September 1, 2004; 22 (17): 3608-3617 (3614).
L. Rogers, S. Remer, and S. Teuwani Durable Response of Breast Cancer Leptomeningeal Metastasis to Capecitabine (Xeloda) Monotherapy Neuro-Oncology, January 2004; 6: 63-64.
M. Ozdogan, M. Samur, H. Bozcuk et al Durable Remission of Leptomeningeal Metastasis of Breast Cancer with Letrozole (Femara): a Case Report and Implications of Biomarkers on Treatment Selection. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2003; 33: 229-231.
E. Chang and S. Lo Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Metastases from Breast Cancer The Oncologist, October, 2003; 8 (5) 398-410 (9-10) (free full text).
H. Stemmler, M. Schmitt, N. Harbeck et al Application of Intrathecal Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for Treatment of Meningeal Carcinomatosis in Her-2 Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer  Oncology Reports, 2006; 15: 1373-77Â
S. Berg and M Chamberlain Systemic Chemotherapy, Intrathecal Chemotherapy, and Symptom Management in the Treatment of Leptomeningeal Metastasis  Current Oncology Report, Jan 5 2003; 1:29-40 Â
B. Gordon and J. Myers Leptomeningeal Metastases Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, March-April 2003; 7 (2): 151-55
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption [TOP]
E. Gerstner and R. Fine. Increased Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier to Chemotherapy in Metastatic Brain Tumors: Establishing a Treatment Paradigm  Journal of Clinical Oncology, June 1, 2007; 26 (16): 2306-2312
N. Doolittle, D. Peereboom, E. Neuwelt Delivery of Chemotherapy and Antibodies Across the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Role of Chemoprotection, in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors; Report of the Eleventh Annual Blood-Brain Barrier Consortium Meeting Journal of Neurooncology, 2007; 81: 81-91.
R. Tyson, D. Kraemer, E. Neuwelt et al The Treatment of brain metastasis from Breast Cancer, role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Early Experience with Trastuzumab Therapy, 2006; 3(7): 97-112.
Alternative and Complementary Treatments [TOP]
D. Flavin A Lipoxygenase Inhibitor in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Journal of Neurooncology, 2006.
A.Gramaglia, G. Franco Loi, V. Mongioj et al Increased Survival in Brain Metastatic Patients Treated with Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Omega Three Fatty Acids and Bioflavonoids AntiCancer Research, 1999; 19: 1583-86.
Quality of Life, Cognition, Toxicity [TOP]
A. Sturdza, B. Millar A. Bezjak et al The Use and Toxicity of Steroids in the Mamagement of Patients with Brain Metastases  Supportive Care in Cancer, Sept. 2008; 16 (9)
G.Welzel, K. Fleckenstein, F. Wenz et al Memory Function Before and After Whole Brain Radiotherapy in Patients with and Without Brain Metastases  International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, March 9, 2008; 1-8
J. Li, M. Soren, M. Mehta et al Regression After Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases Correlates with Survival and Improved Neurocognitive Function Journal of Clinical Oncology, April 1, 2007; 25 (10): 1260-1266Â Â
J. Varlotto, J. Flickinger, L. Lunsford et al The Impact of Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy on the Long-Term Control and Morbidity of Patients Surviving More than One Year After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases  International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2005; 62 (40): 971-977 (Also put under quality of life)
D. Rades, G. Bohlen, and A. Pluemer Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone versus Resection Plus Whole-Brain Radiation for 1 or 2 Brain Metastases in Recursive Partitioning class 1 and 2. Cancer, June 15; 100 (12) 2515-2521.
J. Li, S. Rentzen, and M. Renschler et al Regression After Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases Correlates with Survival and Improved Neurocognitive Function. Journal of Clinical Oncology, April 1, 2007; 25 (10): 1260-1266.
M. Doyle, N. Bradley, K. Li et al Quality of Life in Patients with Brain Metastases Treated with a Palliative Course of Whole-Brain Radiation. Journal of Palliative Medicine, April 2007; 10 (20): 367-374.
E. Chang, J. Wefel, M. Maor et al A Pilot Study of Neurocognitive Function in Patients with One to Three New Brain Metastases Initially Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone. Neurosurgery, February 2007; 60 (2): 277-283; discussion 243-284.Â
M. Yaneva and M. Semerdijleva Assessment of the Effect of Palliative Radiotherapy for Cancer Patients with Intracranial Metastases Using EORTC-QOL-C30 Questions. Folia Med 2006; 48 (2) 23-29.
L. Kleinberg, J. Wefel, and W. Regine Should Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy Follow Focal Therapy of a Single and Multiple Brain Metastasis? 2006; ASCO Education Session (4 presentations, with audio and slides).
E. Chow, L. Davis, L. Holden et al Prospective Assessment of Patient-Rated Symptoms Following Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases Journal Pain Symptom Management , July 2005; 30 (1): 18-23.
J. Varlotto, J. Flickinger, A. Niranjan et al The Impact of Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy on the Long-Term Control and Morbidity of Patients Surviving More than One Year After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases International Journal of Radiation Oncology (Biology Physics), July 15, 2005; 62 (4): 1125-1132.
A. Bhatnager, J. Flickinger, D. Kondziolka et al Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Four or More Intracranial Metastases. International Journal of Radiation Oncology (Biology Physics) 2003; 23: 269-270.
G. Batel, L. Kleinberg, and S. Terezakis Current Concepts and Controversies in the Treatment of Parenchymal Brain Metastases: Improved Outcomes with Aggressive Management. Cancer Investigation. 2005; 23 (4): 363-376.
J. Varlotto, J. Flickinger, A. Niranjan et al Analysis of Tumor Control and Toxicity in Patients Who Have Survived at Least One Year After Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases. International Journal of Radiation of Oncology (Biology Physics). October 1, 2003; 57 (2): 452-464.
G. Gerrard, R. Prestwich, A. Edwards et al Investigating the Palliative Efficacy of Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Patients with Multiple-brain Metastases and Poor Prognosis Features. Clinical Oncology (R Coll Radiol) October 2003; 15 (7): 422-428.
M. Tsao, K. Sultanem, D. Chiu et al Supportive Care Management of Brain Metastases: What is Known and What We Need to Know. Conference Proceedings of the National Caner Institute of Canada, Workshop on Symptoms Control in Radiation Oncology. Clinical Oncology (R Coll Radiol) October 2003; 15 (7): 429-434.
M. Chidal, J. Suh, C. Reddy et al Application of Recursive Partitioning Analysis and Evaluation of the Use of Whole- Brain Radiation Among Patients Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Newly Diagnosed Brain Metastases International Journal of Radiation Oncology (Biology Physics) July 1, 2000; 47 (4): 993-999.
R. Crossen, D. Garwood, E. Neuwelt Neurobehavioral Sequelase of Cranial Irridation in Adults: A Review of Radiation-Induced Encephalopathy. Journal of Clinical Oncology. March 1994; 12 (3): 622-627.
Experimental Treatment for CNS Metastases (see also Clinical Trials)Â [TOP]
M. Ewend, S. Brem, L. Carey et al. Treatment of Single Brain Metastasis with Resection Intracavity Carmustine Polymer Wafers, and Radiation Therapy is Safe and Provides Excellent Local Control. Clinical Cancer Research. June 15, 2007; 13: 3637-3641.
N. Doolittle, D. Peereboom, E. Neuwelt et al. Delivery of Chemotherapy and Antibodies Across the Blood-Brain Barrier and the role of Chemoprotection, in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Report of the Eleventh Annual Blood-Brain Barrier Consortium Meeting. Journal of Neruooncology 2007; 81: 81-9.
E. Shaw, R. Rodshal, R. D’Agostino et al. Phase ll Study of Donepezil in Irradiated Brain Tumor Patients: Effect on Cognitive Function, Mood, and Quality of Life. Journal of Clinical Oncology, March 20, 2007; 24 (9): 1415-1420.
R. Tyson, D. Kaemer, E. Neuwelt et al. The Treatment of Brain Metastasis from Breast Cancer, Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and early experience with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Therapy 2006; 3(1): 97-112.
H. Stemmler, M. Schmitt, N. Harbeck et al. Application of Intrathecal Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for Treatment of Meningeal Carcinomatosis in HER2-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer. Oncology Reports 2006; 15: 11373-1377.
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